Listed below is a comprehensive collection of over 300 scholarly and peer-reviewed research articles, catalogued alphabetically by presenting issue, that provide valuable insight into hypnosis and its clinical applications (updated spring 2026). This library has been updated to reflect the current evidence base, which has grown substantially — research publications in clinical hypnotherapy have increased at an average annual rate of 8.5%, reaching a record 134 publications in 2022 alone.
In 2021, the U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) identified hypnotherapy as a treatment approach with “high programmatic priority” and issued its first dedicated funding opportunities since 2015. The agency formally recognizes evidence for hypnosis in treating IBS, chronic pain, PTSD, and hot flashes. The research below spans all of these areas and more.
Three foundational resources for further exploration:
1. Dr. David Spiegel, Chair of Psychiatry at Stanford University, has devoted his career to researching over 7,000 patients using fMRI to explore how hypnosis works in the brain. His findings reveal significant changes in brain activity, pain receptivity, and the potential to replace opioids with hypnosis for pain management.
2. A landmark 2024 umbrella review in Frontiers in Psychology analyzed 49 meta-analyses encompassing 261 distinct randomized controlled trials. It found that over 28% of measured outcomes showed large effect sizes, with the most robust evidence in medical procedures (79 studies) and pain management (65 studies).
3. Time Magazine highlights the scientific validity of hypnosis for smoking cessation, anxiety, pain, weight loss and PTSD.
“Hypnosis is a very powerful means of changing the way we use our minds to control perception and our bodies.”
Academic Performance (see also: Stress & Anxiety)
The Effect of Hypnotic Training Programs on the Academic Performance of Students
Effects of Hypnosis on the Academic Self-Efficacy of First Generation College Students
Using Hypnosis to Enhance Learning Second Language Vocabulary
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis to Increase Confidence and Academic Performance
Addiction
A Comparative Study of Hypnotherapy and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Methadone Addicts
Intensive Therapy: Utilizing Hypnosis in the Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorders
Refraining of an Addiction via Hypnotherapy: A Case Presentation
Hypnotherapy to Decrease Depression of Patients at Addiction Recovery Centers
Aging
Agoraphobia
Allergies
Effect of Hypnosis on Allergic Skin Responses in Asthma and Hay-fever
Hypnotically Induced Analgesia on Flare Reaction of the Cutaneous Histamine Prick Test
Anxiety
• The Efficacy of Hypnosis as a Treatment for Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis 17 trials. Average participant receiving hypnosis reduced anxiety more than 79% of control participants. Effect size grew further at follow-up.
• Hypnotherapy for Anxiety, Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Health: A Review (Frontiers in Psychology, 2024) Reviews hypnotherapy’s role in treating anxiety and its downstream effects on cardiovascular health, smoking, and adherence to treatment
Athletics (see Sports Performance)
Alzheimers & Dementia
Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
Burns
Hypnosis to Reduce Anxiety Before and During Dressing Changes of Burn Patients
Medical Hypnosis for Pain and Psychological Distress During Burn Wound Debridement
Hypnosis for Burn-Related Pain: Case studies and a review of the literature
Hypnosis for Pediatric Burn Wound Healing and Pain Reduction
Cancer
Hypnosis for Enhancing Comfort of Women Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Early Stage Breast Cancer
Self-Hypnosis for Pain and Anxiety During Biopsy Outpatient Procedures
Brief Presurgery Hypnosis Reduces Distress and Pain in Excisional Breast Biopsy Patients
Hypnosis to Manage Anxiety and Pain Associated with Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Guided Imagery for Thyroid Cancer Patients’ Stress and Fatigue
Guided Imagery and Story-Telling for Nausea and Vomiting of Children Undergoing Chemotherapy
Self-Hypnosis for Percutaneous Tumor Treatment – Pain and Anxiety
Hypnosis for Venipuncture for Blood Sampling of Cancer Patients
Hypnosis Intervention for Treatment of Hot Flashes Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Clinical Hypnosis for Symptom Management of Cancer Patients in Palliative Care
Hypnosis as an Adjunct for Managing Pain in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Post Radiotherapy
The Effect of Hypnosis on Anxiety in Patients With Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Cataracts
Child Birth or HypnoBirthing: (See Motherhood, Fertility, Perinatal, and Childbirth)
Depression
Hypnotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of RCTs (Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2024) 20 years of RCT data. Hypnotherapy found to be non-inferior to CBT and superior to REBT in remission rates. Mindful Hypnotherapy also outperformed waitlist controls on depressive symptoms and self-compassion.
Diabetes
Hypnosis as an Adjunct Therapy in the Management of Diabetes
A Hypnotherapeutic Approach to the Improvement of Compliance in Adolescent Diabetics
Hypnosis for Adolescents with Diabetes to Address Sleep Problems
Erectile Dysfunction
Fears & Phobias (for Agoraphobia, see above)
Claustrophobia: Hypnosis and Claustrophobia in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Claustrophobia: Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Improved Patient Tolerance Utilizing Medical Hypnosis
Claustrophobia: Increase Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tolerance with a Claustrophobic Patient
Fear of Dentist: Functional Changes in Brain Activity After Hypnosis in Patients with Dental Phobia
Fear of Dentist: Hypnosis in Pediatric Dental Treatment
Fear of Dentist: Effects of Hypnosis as an Adjunct to Intravenous Sedation for Third Molar Extraction
Fear of Dentist: Use of Imagery to Make Easier Injection of Anesthesia for Dental Work
Fear of Dentist: Hypnosis as Adjunct Intervention for Anxiety About Tooth Removal
Fear of Dentist: Self-Hypnosis for Dental Pain
Fear of Swallowing: A Case Study of Hypnosis for Phagophobia
Flying Phobia: 178 Flying Phobia Treated with Single 45 min Hypnosis Session
Needle Phobia: Hypnosis for Needle Phobia of Child
Needle Phobia: Hypnosis Effective for Needle Phobia in Dental Patients
Needle Phobia: Meta-Analysis of Distraction and Hypnosis for Needle-Related Pain and Distress in Children and Adolescents
Snake Phobia: 36 Female Snake Phobia & Hypnosis Study
Flow State
Glaucoma
The Effects of Hypnosis on Intraocular Pressure in Normal and Glaucomatous Subjects
Hypnosis and Intraocular Pressure, Ocular Perfusion and Overall Mental State
Healing (see pain)
Headaches
Review of the Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis with Headaches and Migraines
Treatment of Chronic Tension-Type Headache with Hypnotherapy: A single-blind time controlled study
Clinical Hypnotherapy/Self-Hypnosis for Chronic and Episodic Headaches in Children and Adolescents
Self-Hypnosis and Recurrent Headaches: Children and Adolescents
Hypnosis in the Treatment of Headache: Is Hypnotherapy Beneficial?
Long-Term Follow-Up of Self-Hypnosis Training for Recurrent Headaches: What the Children Say
Hypnosis in the Treatment of Headache Pain: A Methodological Review
The Use of Hypnosis in the Treatment of Migraine Headache: A Case Study
Hemophilia
HIV
HPV
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Effectiveness of Hypnosis in Reducing Mild Essential Hypertension
The use of Hypnosis and Biofeedback Procedures for Essential Hypertension
Guided Imagery Therapy on Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Geriatric Group
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy for IBS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — All 12 Studies Found GDH Superior (Adler et al., 2025) Now recommended by European and North American gastroenterology guidelines as a second-line treatment. Improved global symptoms and pain vs. comparators.
Gut-Directed Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy for IBS: A Mini-Review (Frontiers in Psychology, 2024) Reviews evidence, mechanisms, and guideline status. Notes gut-directed hypnosis as “one of the rare success stories of hypnosis in medicine.”
A Randomized Trial of Digital Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy vs. Muscle Relaxation for IBS (Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2023) 378 patients. First RCT of FDA-cleared app-based (Regulora) gut-directed hypnotherapy showing significant improvement in abdominal pain and stool symptoms.
Controlled Trial of Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Severe Refractory Irritable-Bowel Syndrome
5 Years Later: Benefits of Hypnotherapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Hypnosis for IBS Helps both Diarrhea-Predominant IBS and Constipation-Predominant IBS
Hypnosis for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Empirical Evidence of Therapeutic Effects
Hypnosis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Efficacy and Mechanism of Action
Memory
Hypnosis for Menopause & Hot Flashes
The 2023 Nonhormone Therapy Position Statement — The Menopause Society (Level I Evidence for Clinical Hypnosis) Official recognition by The Menopause Society of clinical hypnosis as one of two nonpharmacological treatments with the highest tier of evidence for hot flash treatment.
Clinical Hypnosis and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hot Flashes: A Scoping Review (Women’s Health Reports, 2025) 23 studies. Only clinical hypnosis — not CBT — demonstrated reductions in both frequency and severity of hot flashes. Hypnosis outperformed CBT by a large effect size. Also improved sleep quality and mood.
Self-Administered Hypnosis vs. Sham Hypnosis for Hot Flashes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA Network Open, 2025) First RCT of audio-based self-hypnosis for hot flashes. Significant reductions in frequency and severity vs. sham control in postmenopausal women.
Clinical Hypnosis in the Treatment of Post-Menopausal Hot Flashes: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Elkins et al., Menopause, 2013) 187 postmenopausal women. Up to 68% reduction in hot flash scores. The foundational RCT on which the subsequent evidence base was built.
Hypnosis Intervention for Treatment of Hot Flashes Among Breast Cancer Survivors (JCO, 2008)
Motherhood, Fertility, Perinatal and Childbirth
Fertility: Infertility and Pregnancy Loss: Hypnotic Interventions for Reproductive Challenges (book link)
Fertility: Using Hypnosis to Enhance Fertility of Women Experiencing Infertility
Fertility: Impact of Hypnosis During Embryo Transfer on the Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer
Pregnancy: Guided Imagery for Stress in Pregnant African American Women
Pregnancy: Effects of a Guided Imagery Intervention on Stress in Hospitalized Pregnant Women
Childbirth: Hypnosis for Childbirth Pain: Less Anesthesia Use
Childbirth: Self-Hypnosis for Labor and Childbirth
Childbirth: The Effects of Hypnosis on the Labor Processes and Birth Outcomes of Pregnant Adolescents
Childbirth: Hypnosis to Facilitate Uncomplicated Birth
Childbirth: The Effect of Hypnosis on Pain Relief During Labor and Childbirth in Pregnant Women
Motherhood: Hypnosis for Maternal Stress
Multiple Sclerosis
Efficacy of Self-Hypnosis in Pain Management in Female Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Use of Self-Hypnosis to Manage Chronic Pain in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Self-Hypnosis Training for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Pain
Case Study Explores Hypnosis as Potential Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms
Overactive Bladder
Pain
Adjunctive Use of Hypnosis for Clinical Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 70 RCTs (N=6,078) (Pain Reports, 2024) Definitive summary of adjunctive hypnosis for chronic pain, surgical pain, and burn wound care. Meaningful additional analgesic effect across all categories.
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis for Pain Relief: Meta-Analysis of 85 Controlled Trials, N=3,632 (Thompson et al., Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019) Significant analgesic effects across all pain outcomes. High suggestibles: 42% clinically meaningful pain reduction. Medium suggestibles: 29%.
The Use of Medical Hypnosis to Prevent and Treat Acute and Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2025) Focused on RCTs from 2014–2024. Found a statistically significant medium effect (0.54 SD) for acute pain reduction vs. standard care.
Hypnosis to Manage Musculoskeletal and Neuropathic Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PubMed, 2022) Focused analysis on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain populations, expanding the evidence beyond surgical and procedural contexts.
Hypnotic Approaches for Chronic Pain Management: clinical implications of recent research findings
Hypnosedation: a valuable alternative to traditional anaesthetic techniques
Reason Why Hypnosis Alleviates Pain isn’t Because of Endorphins
Guided Imagery for Pain of Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Hypnosis When Added to Conventional Medical Treatment for Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia Pain and its Modulation by Hypnotic and Non-Hypnotic Suggestion
Self-Hypnosis for Pain & Anxiety During Biopsy Outpatient Procedures
Panic Attack
Parkinson’s Disease
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD)
PTSD
PTSD & Children (Death of close relative)
Hypnosis for PTSD in Immigrants who Escaped to America After Being Tortured
Hypnosis for PTSD: Evidence Based Placebo-Controlled Studies
Sleep
Chronic Insomnia: Outcome of Hypnotherapeutic Intervention in Six Cases
Hypnosis As Effective Or Better Than Ambien For All Sleep Variables for Combat-Related PTSD Insomnia
Sleep-terror disorder in children: the role of self-hypnosis in management
The Treatment of Parasomnias with Hypnosis: a 5-Year Follow-Up Study (ages 6-71)
Hypnosis for Older Adult Addicted to Sleeping Pills for Insomnia
The Effectiveness of Self Hypnosis to Overcome Insomnia: A Case Study
Adult Insomnia: Increasing Relaxation and Reducing Anxious-Depressive Symptoms
Smoking Cessation
Hypnosis to Quit Smoking in One Session (Compared to Placebo and No Treatment)
Hypnosis and Smoking Cessation in the Workplace – Hypnotherapy Accompanying a Smoke-Free Work Policy
Hypnotic Suggestion During General Anaesthesia on Postoperative Smoking Habits
Hypnotherapy on Smoking Cessation of Secondary School Students
Sports Performance
Hypnosis to Improve Performance of College Basketball Players
The Effects of Hypnosis on Flow States and Three-Point Shooting Performance in Bastketball Players
Hypnosis and Alpine Mountain Climbing: Injury Recovery and Performance Enhancement
Hypnosis to Increase Throwing Accuracy and Motor Skill Learning
Stress & Anxiety
Hypnosis Audio Recorded Hypnosis for Stress, Burnout and Well-Being
Effects of Anxiety-Reducing Hypnotic Training on Learning and Reading-Comprehension Tasks
A Trial of Virtual Hypnosis to Reduce Stress and Test Anxiety in Family Medicine Residents
Impact of Hypnotherapy on Examination Anxiety and Scholastic Performance Among School Children
Strokes
Hypnosis and Strokes – To Improve Motor Function, Range of Motion, Increased Grip Strength, Etc.
Hypnosis and Strokes – To Assist Recovery of Left Arm Function
Hypnosis and Strokes: Descriptions of Improvements by Six Stroke Victims after Hypnosis (Book Link)
Stuttering
Hypnosis for Stuttering/Articulation Disorder for An 8-Year-Old
Hypnosis Combined with Diaphragmatic Exercises for Stuttering
Surgery and Speed Healing
Can Medical Hypnosis Accelerate Post-Surgical Wound Healing? Results of a Clinical Trial
Hypnosis for Plastic Surgery: Morale, Drug Reduction, Hypnoanalgesia
Tinnitus
Tourettes Syndrom / Tics
Elucidating Tourette’s Syndrome: Perspectives from Hypnosis, Attention and Self-Regulation
Children and Teens with Tourette Syndrome Find Relief with Self-Hypnosis
Trichotillomania
Vomiting
Warts
Hypnotherapy for Warts (verruca vulgaris): 41 consecutive cases with 33 cures
Successful repeated hypnotic treatment of warts in the same individual: a case report
Weight Loss
Effectiveness of Hypnosis as an Adjunct to Behavioral Weight Management
Hypnotic Enhancement of Cognitive-Behavioral Weight Loss Treatments
Hypnotherapy as an Adjunct to the Dietetic Management of Obese Patients
Other